The Nature of Life: Classical and Contemporary Perspectives from Philosophy and Science

Preface

Acknowledgments
Sources
About the authors
Introduction
Part I. Classical Discussions of Life:
1. De Anima (selections) Aristotle
2. Treatise on Man René Descartes
3. Critique of the Teleological Power of Judgment (selections) Immanuel Kant
4. What is Life? (selections) Erwin Schrödinger
5. The nature of life Alexander Oparin
6. What is the meaning of 'life'? Ernst Mayr
7. The Principles of Life (selections) Tibor Gánti
Part II. The Origin and Extent of Natural Life:
8. The origin of life: a review of facts and speculation Leslie E. Orgel
9. Small molecule interactions were central to the origin of life Robert Shapiro
10. Are the different hypotheses on the emergence of life as different as they seem? Iris Fry
11. The universal nature of biochemistry Norman Pace
12. Is there a common chemical model for life in the universe? Steven A. Benner, Alonso Ricardo and Matthew A. Carrigan
13. Searching for life in the universe: lessons from Earth Kenneth H. Nealson
14. The possibility of alternative microbial life on Earth Carol E. Cleland and Shelley D. Copley
15. Introduction to the limits of organic life in planetary systems National Research Council of the National Academies
Part III. Artificial Life and Synthetic Biology:
16. Learning from functionalism: prospects for strong artificial life Elliott Sober
17. Life, 'artificial life', and scientific explanation Marc Lange
18. Alien life: how would we know? Margaret A. Boden
19. Automatic design and manufacture of robotic life forms Hod Lipson and Jordan P. Pollack
20. A giant step towards artificial life? David Deamer
21. Approaches to semi-synthetic minimal cells: a review Pier Luigi Luisi, Francesca Ferri and Pasquale Stano
22. Creating 'real life' Evelyn Fox Keller
Part IV. Defining and Explaining Life:
23. Definitions of life Carl Sagan
24. The seven pillars of life Daniel E. Koshland
25. A universal definition of life: autonomy and open-ended evolution Kepa Ruiz-Mirazo, Juli Pereto and Alvaro Moreno
26. Does 'life' have a definition? Carol Cleland and Christopher Chyba
27. Sentient symphony Lynn Margulis and Dorion Sagan
28. Defining life Kim Sterelny and Paul Griffiths
29. Universal Darwinism Richard Dawkins
30. What is life? Was Schrödinger right? Stuart A. Kauffman
31. Four puzzles about life Mark A. Bedau
Supplemental bibliography on life

Index.

Mark A. Bedau is Professor of Philosophy and Humanities at Reed College, Oregon and a regular Visiting Professor at the European School of Molecular Medicine, in Milan, Italy. He is an internationally recognized leader in the philosophical and scientific study of living systems and has published and lectured extensively on issues concerning emergence, evolution, life, mind, and the social and ethical implications of creating life from nonliving materials.

Carol E. Cleland is Professor of Philosophy at the University of Colorado (Boulder). She is a central figure in the emerging science of astrobiology and has published in major science as well as philosophy journals. Her research focuses on issues in scientific methodology, historical science (especially earth and planetary science), biology (especially microbiology, origins of life, the nature of life, and astrobiology), and the theory of computation.