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Armenians in the Byzantine Empire is a new study exploring the relationship between the Armenians and Byzantines from the ninth through eleventh centuries. Utilising primary sources from multiple traditions, the evidence is clear that until the eleventh century Armenian migrants were able to fully assimilate into the Empire, in time recognized fully as Romaioi (Byzantine Romans). From the turn of the eleventh century however, migrating groups of Armenians seem to have resisted the previously successful process of assimilation, holding onto their ancestral and religious identity, and viewing the Byzantines with suspicion. This stagnation and ultimate failure to assimilate Armenian migrants into Byzantium has never been thoroughly investigated, despite its dire consequences in the late eleventh century when the Empire faced its most severe crisis since the rise of Islam, the arrival and settlement of the Turkic peoples in Anatolia.
List of maps
Author's note
Byzantium and Armenia: An Introduction
The Armenians in the Byzantine Empire: A historiographical overview
Romanisation: A Process Explained
Being Roman in Byzantium
Being Armenian in the early Middle Ages
Chapter One: Armenian Assimilation in Action, c.867-1000 A.D.
The Areas of Territorial Settlement
Acceptance and Adoption of 'Roman Customs'
The Army and the Nobility
Religious Conversion and Conformity
Conclusion
Chapter Two: The Byzantine Annexations of Armenia, 1000-1064: Ideology and Opportunism?
Basil II and his image
The Context of the Annexations
The Subsequent Annexations
Unforeseen Consequences
Conclusion
Chapter Three: The Alienation of the Armenians, c.1020-1071
The Later Annexations and Settlements: Vaspurakan, Ani and Kars.
Religious Antagonism
The Royal Armenians in the Empire
The 'Rebellion' of 1040
Grigor Magistros
Gagik II of Ani
The First Steps to Separatism
Conclusion
Chapter Four: Separatism, 1071-1098
Romanos IV, Manzikert and the Islamic World
The Separatism of the Armenian Lords
The Armenian Church
From Philaretos to the First Crusade (1086-1098)
Conclusion
Closing Remarks
Appendix I: The Harran Gate
Bibliography
Primary Sources:
Secondary Sources:
Description
Armenians in the Byzantine Empire is a new study exploring the relationship between the Armenians and Byzantines from the ninth through eleventh centuries. Utilising primary sources from multiple traditions, the evidence is clear that until the eleventh century Armenian migrants were able to fully assimilate into the Empire, in time recognized fully as Romaioi (Byzantine Romans). From the turn of the eleventh century however, migrating groups of Armenians seem to have resisted the previously successful process of assimilation, holding onto their ancestral and religious identity, and viewing the Byzantines with suspicion. This stagnation and ultimate failure to assimilate Armenian migrants into Byzantium has never been thoroughly investigated, despite its dire consequences in the late eleventh century when the Empire faced its most severe crisis since the rise of Islam, the arrival and settlement of the Turkic peoples in Anatolia.
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