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The Fifth Beginning: What Six Million Years of Human History Can Tell Us about Our Future

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Felicia A. Horton Book Award 2018, Archaeological Institute of America

“I have seen yesterday. I know tomorrow.” This inscription in Tutankhamun’s tomb summarizes The Fifth Beginning. Here, archaeologist Robert L. Kelly explains how the study of our cultural past can predict the future of humanity.

In an eminently readable style, Kelly identifies four key pivot points in the six-million-year history of human development: the emergence of technology, culture, agriculture, and the state. In each example, the author examines the long-term processes that resulted in a definitive, no-turning-back change for the organization of society. Kelly then looks ahead, giving us evidence for what he calls a fifth beginning, one that started about AD 1500. Some might call it “globalization,” but the author places it in its larger context: a five-thousand-year arms race, capitalism’s global reach, and the cultural effects of a worldwide communication network.

Kelly predicts that the emergent phenomena of this fifth beginning will include the end of war as a viable way to resolve disputes, the end of capitalism as we know it, the widespread shift toward world citizenship, and the rise of forms of cooperation that will end the near-sacred status of nation-states. It’s the end of life as we have known it. However, the author is cautiously optimistic: he dwells not on the coming chaos, but on humanity’s great potential.

Author: Kelly Robert
Publisher: CALIFORNIA UNIVERSITY PRESS
Pages: 168
ISBN: 9780520303485
Cover: Paperback
Edition Number: 1
Release Year: 2019

Preface

1. The End of the World as We Know It

2. How Archaeologists Think

3. Sticks and Stones: The Beginning of Technology

4. Beads and Stories: The Beginning of Culture

5. Bread and Beer: The Beginning of Agriculture

6. Kings and Chains: The Beginning of the State

7. Nothing Lasts Forever: The Fifth Beginning

Notes

Bibliography

Index

Robert L. Kelly is Professor of Anthropology at the University of Wyoming. He is a past president of the Society for American Archaeology, current editor of American Antiquity, author of The Lifeways of Hunter-Gatherers, and coauthor of two popular textbooks, Archaeology and Archaeology: Down to Earth. He has conducted archaeological research throughout the western United States for more than forty years.

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