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The Rich and the Pure: Philanthropy and the Making of Christian Society in Early Byzantium

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A portrait of history’s first complex Christian society as seen through the lens of Christian philanthropy and gift giving

As the Roman Empire broke down in western Europe, its prosperity moved decisively eastward, to what is now known as the Byzantine Empire. Here was born history’s first truly affluent, multifaceted Christian society. One of the ideals used to unite the diverse millions of people living in this vast realm was the Christianized ideal of philanthrōpia. In this sweeping cultural and social history, Daniel Caner shows how philanthropy required living up to Jesus’s injunction to “Give to all who ask of you,” by offering mercy and/or material aid to every human being, regardless of their origin or status.

Caner shows how Christian philanthropy became articulated through distinct religious ideals of giving that helped define proper social relations among the rich, the poor, and “the pure” (Christian holy people), resulting in new and enduring social expectations. In tracking the evolution of Christian giving over three centuries, he brings to the fore the concerns of the peoples of Early Byzantium, from the countryside to the lower levels of urban society to the imperial elites, as well as the hierarchical relationships that arose among them. The Rich and the Pure offers nothing less than a portrait of the whole of early Byzantine society.

Author: Caner Daniel
Publisher: CALIFORNIA UNIVERSITY PRESS
Pages: 440
ISBN: 9780520381582
Cover: Hardback
Edition Number: 1
Release Year: 2021

Acknowledgments
Prologue: What Is a Christian Gift?
Map
Timeline

Introduction 
Surviving Sources and Historical Discourses
Philanthropy and Asceticism as Complementary Virtues

1. The Present-Giving World of Early Byzantium
Christian Gifts in the Late Roman Holy Land
Secular Gifts and the Late Roman Imperial Order
Providential Order and the Rise of a Religious Aristocracy
The Christian Ideal of Stewardship
2. "Give to All Who Ask of You": The Challenge of Early Byzantine Philanthropy
The Classical Roots of Christian Philanthrōpia
Christian Philanthropy before Constantine
Constantine and the Extension of Christian Philanthropy
Preaching Philanthropy in Christian Cappadocia
"To Each According to Need": Philanthropic Priorities in Church Institutions 
"To Each According to Rank": Philanthropic Priorities in Sixth-Century Monasteries

3. “Bend Your Heart to Mercy”: Almsgiving and the Christian Advocacy of Social Compassion
Preaching Direct Almsgiving in Christian Antioch
The Monastic Middle Way of Communal Ministrations
Monastic Mediation between the Rich, the Clergy, and the Poor

 

4. "Give It with Your Whole Soul": From Alms to Charity in Early Byzantine Monasticism
Defining Charity in Egyptian Desert Tradition
Gifts of Charity in the Seridos Monastery
Sins of Excess and Redemptive Almsgiving
Almsgiving as Purification in Eastern Hagiography
"Give as Your Alms from the Things Within": Alms, Charity, and Christian Altruism

5. “What God Has Put in Your Heart to Give”: Divine Patronage, Sacred Wealth, and Material Blessings
The Pauline Concept of a Christian Blessing
The Institutional and Lay Provision of Material Blessings
Human Avarice and Divine Patronage
Converting Lay Offerings into Blessings
Ascetic Stewardship and the Multiplication of Monastic Blessings
Gifts of a Sacred Order
Sacred Wealth and Monastic Culture

 

6. "You Are the Firstfruits of the World": Monasticism, Fruitbearings, and Prosperity in the Countryside
Agrarian and Monastic Expansion on the Rural Margins
A Syrian Village Perspective: The Letter of Cosmas of Panîr
Agriculture and Religious Science in the Roman Near East
The Intercessory Powers of Symeon Stylites the Elder
Ascetic Penance and Lay Prosperity in the Lives of Barsauma and Theodore
Fruitbearings, Gratitude, and Sacred Vessels

7. "Imperishable Remembrance in Heaven and Earth": Liturgical Offerings and the Rise of Patronal Monasteries
Lay Offerings and Church Commemorations
Church Apologetics for Commemorative Rites
Jacob of Serug's On the Loaf for the Departed 
Patronal Praise and the Proliferation of Private Monasteries
Monks, Freedmen, and the Perennial Quest for Perpetual Commemoration 
Memory, Salvation, and the Economics of Monastic Patronage

Epilogue: When Holy Men Walked the Earth

Notes
Bibliography
Index

Daniel Caner is Associate Professor at Indiana University, Bloomington. His previous books include Wandering Begging Monks: Spiritual Authority and the Promotion of Monasticism in Late Antiquity and History and Hagiography from the Late Antique Sinai.

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