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We Shall Be Masters: Russian Pivots to East Asia from Peter the Great to Putin

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“Miller’s terrific book reminds that Russia made moves toward the East five hundred years ago, and explains why ignoring the Russian factor in Asian geopolitics today would be a big mistake.”—Michael McFaul, author of From Cold War to Hot Peace

“Miller presents a Russia little known in the West: a Eurasian power that treats its eastern calling as seriously as it does its western one. Exceptionally well written and argued, We Shall Be Masters helps us understand Russia on its own terms and offers historical insight into the future of its relations with China, its main rival and occasional ally.”—Serhii Plokhy, author of The Gates of Europe

“Challenges the conventional view that [Russia] has enduring interests in the Far East…For Russia, Miller argues, Asia has been a land of unfulfilled promises.”—Foreign Affairs

“Captures the immensity, complexity, and importance of Russia’s eastern borderlands through the eyes of its explorers…Comprehensive and fluidly written.”—Publishers Weekly

An illuminating account of Russia’s attempts—and failures—to achieve great power status in Asia.

Since Peter the Great, Russian leaders have been lured by opportunity to the East. Under the tsars, Russians colonized Alaska, California, and Hawaii. The Trans-Siberian Railway linked Moscow to Vladivostok. And Stalin looked to Asia as a sphere of influence, hospitable to the spread of Soviet Communism. In Asia and the Pacific lay territory, markets, security, and glory.

But all these expansionist dreams amounted to little. In We Shall Be MastersChris Miller explores why, arguing that Russia’s ambitions have repeatedly outstripped its capacity. With the core of the nation concentrated thousands of miles away in the European borderlands, Russia’s would-be pioneers have always struggled to project power into Asia and to maintain public and elite interest in their far-flung pursuits. Even when the wider population professed faith in Asia’s promise, few Russians were willing to pay the steep price. Among leaders, too, dreams of empire have always been tempered by fears of cost. Most of Russia’s pivots to Asia have therefore been halfhearted and fleeting.

Today the Kremlin talks up the importance of “strategic partnership” with Xi Jinping’s China, and Vladimir Putin’s government is at pains to emphasize Russian activities across Eurasia. But while distance is covered with relative ease in the age of air travel and digital communication, the East remains far off in the ways that matter most. Miller finds that Russia’s Asian dreams are still restrained by the country’s firm rooting in Europe.

Author: Miller Chris
Publisher: HARVARD UNIVERSITY PRESS
Pages: 384
ISBN: 9780674292147
Cover: Paperback
Edition Number: 1
Release Year: 2023
  • Introduction: “Only a Short Distance Away”: Russia’s Arrival on the Pacific Coast
  • 1. Lord of Alaska: Tsar Alexander I’s Transpacific Empire
  • 2. “Russian Control Will Be Guaranteed Forever”: Nikolai Muravev and the Conquest of the Pacific Coast
  • 3. “We Can Still Repeat the Exploits of Cortez”: Expansion and Retreat in China’s Central Asian Borderlands
  • 4. “Tightening the Bonds between Us”: Sergei Witte and the Trans-Siberian Railway
  • 5. “A New Mecca for the East”: The Bolshevik Revolution in China
  • 6. “We Must Have Our Hands Free”: Stalin’s Drive for Hegemony in East Asia
  • 7. “The Great Hope of Humankind”: Soft-Power Socialism in Asia
  • 8. Perestroika and the Pacific: Mikhail Gorbachev’s Opening to Asia
  • Conclusion: “Heir to the Empire of Genghis Khan”: Vladimir Putin’s Pivot to Asia
  • Abbreviations
  • Notes
  • Acknowledgments
  • Index

Chris Miller is Assistant Professor of International History at the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy at Tufts University. He also serves as Jeane Kirkpatrick Visiting Fellow at the American Enterprise Institute, Eurasia Director at the Foreign Policy Research Institute, and as a Director at Greenmantle, a New York and London-based macroeconomic and geopolitical consultancy. He is the author of three previous books—PutinomicsThe Struggle to Save the Soviet Economy, and We Shall Be Masters—and he frequently writes for The New York TimesThe Wall Street Journal, Foreign AffairsForeign PolicyThe American Interest, and other outlets. He received a PhD in history from Yale University and a BA in history from Harvard University. Currently, he resides in Belmont, Massachusetts. Visit his website at ChristopherMiller.net and follow him on Twitter @CRMiller1.

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