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Life in the Cosmos: From Biosignatures to Technosignatures

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A rigorous and scientific analysis of the myriad possibilities of life beyond our planet.

“Are we alone in the universe?” This tantalizing question has captivated humanity over millennia, but seldom has it been approached rigorously. Today the search for signatures of extraterrestrial life and intelligence has become a rapidly advancing scientific endeavor. Missions to Mars, Europa, and Titan seek evidence of life. Laboratory experiments have made great strides in creating synthetic life, deepening our understanding of conditions that give rise to living entities. And on the horizon are sophisticated telescopes to detect and characterize exoplanets most likely to harbor life.

Life in the Cosmos offers a thorough overview of the burgeoning field of astrobiology, including the salient methods and paradigms involved in the search for extraterrestrial life and intelligence. Manasvi Lingam and Avi Loeb tackle three areas of interest in hunting for life “out there”: first, the pathways by which life originates and evolves; second, planetary and stellar factors that affect the habitability of worlds, with an eye on the biomarkers that may reveal the presence of microbial life; and finally, the detection of technological signals that could be indicative of intelligence. Drawing on empirical data from observations and experiments, as well as the latest theoretical and computational developments, the authors make a compelling scientific case for the search for life beyond what we can currently see.

Meticulous and comprehensive, Life in the Cosmos is a master class from top researchers in astrobiology, suggesting that the answer to our age-old question is closer than ever before.

Authors: Lingam Manasvi, Loeb Avi
Publisher: HARVARD UNIVERSITY PRESS
Pages: 1088
ISBN: 9780674987579
Cover: Hardback
Edition Number: 1
Release Year: 2021
  • Preface
    • 1. Some Intrinsic Properties of Life
      • 1.1. Defining life: Does it matter?
      • 1.2. The requirements for life
      • 1.3. The Anna Karenina principle
  • I. The Origin and Evolution of Life on Earth
    • 2. The Pathways to the Origin of Life on Earth
      • 2.1. When did life originate on Earth?
      • 2.2. The basic building blocks of life
      • 2.3. Synthesis of the basic building blocks of life
      • 2.4. The polymerization of monomers
      • 2.5. The RNA world
      • 2.6. Did metabolism arise first?
      • 2.7. What are the plausible sites for abiogenesis?
      • 2.8. Mathematical models relating to the origin of life
      • 2.9. Conclusion
    • 3. The Evolutionary History of Life on Earth
      • 3.1. The origin of life
      • 3.2. The diversification of bacteria and archaea
      • 3.3. Oxygenic photosynthesis
      • 3.4. The rise of oyxgen and the Great Oxygenation Event
      • 3.5. Eukaryotes
      • 3.6. Complex multicellularity
      • 3.7. Intelligence in animals
      • 3.8. Technological intelligence
      • 3.9. Paradigms for major evolutionary events
      • 3.10. The critical steps model
      • 3.11. Conclusion
  • II. Aspects of Extraterrestrial Biospheres
    • 4. Habitability: Stellar Factors
      • 4.1. The habitable zone and its extensions
      • 4.2. Stellar winds
      • 4.3. Stellar electromagnetic radiation
      • 4.4. Stellar flares and associated space weather phenomena
      • 4.5. Conclusion
    • 5. Habitability: Planetary Factors
      • 5.1. The myriad roles of temperature
      • 5.2. Plate tectonics and habitability
      • 5.3. Tidal locking and its consequences
      • 5.4. Atmospheric composition
      • 5.5. The extent of landmasses and oceans on the surface
      • 5.6. The distribution of landmasses and oceans
      • 5.7. Life in the atmosphere
      • 5.8. Conclusion
    • 6. The Quest for Biosignatures
      • 6.1. Transiting planets
      • 6.2. Non-transiting planets
      • 6.3. Alternative observational constraints on habitability
      • 6.4. Gaseous biosignatures
      • 6.5. Surface biosignatures
      • 6.6. Temporal biosignatures
      • 6.7. False positives versus real biosignatures
      • 6.8. Assessing the plausibility of life detection
      • 6.9. Conclusion
    • 7. Life in Subsurface Oceans
      • 7.1. Worlds with subsurface oceans within our solar system
      • 7.2. Temperature profiles of the ice envelopes
      • 7.3. The habitats for subsurface ocean worlds
      • 7.4. The routes to abiogenesis on subsurface ocean worlds
      • 7.5. Ecosystems in planets with subsurface oceans
      • 7.6. Bioessential elements and subsurface ocean worlds
      • 7.7. Evolutionary trajectories on subsurface ocean worlds
      • 7.8. Number of subsurface ocean worlds and the implications for detection
      • 7.9. Conclusion
  • III. Aspects of Extraterrestrial Technospheres
    • 8. The Drake Equation and Fermi’s Paradox
      • 8.1. The Drake equation
      • 8.2. The great silence: Where is everybody?
      • 8.3. Conclusion
    • 9. The Quest for Technosignatures
      • 9.1. Radio technosignatures
      • 9.2. Optical and infrared technosignatures
      • 9.3. Modality of interstellar signaling
      • 9.4. On the classification of technological agents
      • 9.5. Artifact technosignatures
      • 9.6. The relative prospects for detecting ETIs
      • 9.7. Conclusion
    • 10. The Propagation of Life in the Universe
      • 10.1. History and principles of panspermia
      • 10.2. Interplanetary and interstellar panspermia
      • 10.3. Seeking potential signatures of panspermia
      • 10.4. Interstellar travel via rockets
      • 10.5. Interstellar travel without onboard fuel
      • 10.6. Conclusion
  • Epilogue: Sic Itur Ad Astra
  • References
  • Acknowlegments
  • Index

Manasvi Lingam is Assistant Professor of Astrobiology at the Florida Institute of Technology, an affiliate of the Institute for Theory and Computation at Harvard University, and a member of the American Physical Society.

Avi Loeb is Frank B. Baird, Jr., Professor of Science at Harvard University. He is Founding Director of Harvard’s Black Hole Initiative, chair of the Board on Physics and Astronomy of the National Academies, and a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.

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